Fossil Fuels

 

Aim: To look at how fossil fuels are contributing to climate change and how we can prevent this.

Definition of Fossil Fuels:

Scientific Terms for Students

• Coal: a dark-brown to a black solid substance formed naturally from the compaction and hardening of fossilized plants and used as a fuel primarily for electricity generation
• Natural gas: a mixture of hydrocarbon gases that occurs naturally beneath the earth’s surface and is used as a fuel primarily for cooking and heating homes
• Renewable resource: a resource that is never used up (e.g., solar energy)
• Non-renewable resource: a resource that is not replaceable after its use (e.g., coal, gas)

Examples of Fossil Fuels:

1.   Coal
2.  Wood  
3. Oil

Activity: 

In groups of 3, you will learn about different fossil fuels and the way they are mined?
Each group will be given a fossil fuel. The recorder will read it to the group. The recorder will write down some of the important points.
Person 1: Recorder: to write down 5 points of interest from the text. 

1. 5 Points:
2. Positives and negatives of your type of mining.

Person 2: Reporter: to read back to the class their 5 points of interest.
Person 3: Collector: Gathers the required stationery from the teacher.

Mining Fossil Fuels

What Fossil Fuels are mined? 
1.Coal




How are they mined?
Coal is extracted from the surface of the earth or from deep within the earth (called underground mining). Where are they mined?

1.  Coal is mined in South Africa, America, USA, England.

Activity;

On the sheet provided you need to make two drawings of your cookie. 
1. looking down at it. 
2. side on -  of the imaginary habitat that will live on the top of the cookie. ( trees, bushes, flax, sea, etc)

Material:

1.  Cookie
2.   Plate
3.   Toothpick

Steps:

1.   Get your materials
2.   Get your cookie and put it on your plate
3.   Grab your toothpick and start minding
4.   See if you and get all the chocolate chips out of your cookie
5.   And then enjoy eating the crumbs of the cookie 

Once you have drawn your cookies you must take 2 pictures and upload them to your blog.

Findings: What did you find out as a result of your mining?
That it was a little hard because we had to try to get all the chocolate chips out from around the outside without breaking it but other than that it was really easy and really fun to do. 

Conclusion: 
It was easy but hard at the same time but it was really fun and cool. 

Water Cycle

AIM: TO LOOK AT THE WATER CYCLE AND HOW CLIMATE CHANGE IS AFFECTING IT.

Definition:

Evaporation:

The process of turning from a liquid into vapor.

The process of something abstract ceasing to exist.

Transpiration:

(of a plant or a leaf) the exhalation of water vapor through the stomata.

(plants lose more than 90 percent of their water through transpiration)

Precipitation: 

The action or process of precipitating a substance of a solution.

Rain, snow, Sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.

Condensation:

Water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.

The conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid.

 

 

Scientific words:

• Evaporation. When water is heated by radiant energy it turns into water vapor.
• Transpiration. Evaporation from plants.
• Condensation. When water vapor cools, molecules join together and form clouds.
• Precipitation. When clouds get heavy the waters falls as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
• Acidification: the action or process of making or becoming acidic.

We will be conducting an experiment that looks at the different ways that climate change is affecting the water cycle.

THE WATER CYCLE EXPERIMENT

Bag 1: Normal Water cycle

Bag 2: Water cycle with CO2 added: like Oceans in climate change

Bag 3: Water cycle with ice added: like Antarctica in climate change

Material:

1.  Plastic bag
2. Vivid marker 
3.  1 cup of water 
4.   2 drops of food coloring

Steps:

1.  Got our bag 
2.  We Drew everything we needed to on it.
3. Next, we added 1 cup of water
4. The added 2 drops of food coloring
5. After that, I added double-sided tape on one side of the bag and taped it to the window.

Two Images:

 

Findings: It was really easy to make and do.

Conclusion:

Findings:

	The Water Cycle: Bag 1	CO2 Water Cycle: Bag 2 Acid	Desert Water Cycle Bag 3
Does it cycle?	Yes	Yes	Yes
Amount of Water	2	2	2
Acidity	1	2	1

                                                  Key: Water and acidity amount: 1 = none 

2 = small drips

3 = large drips

Other comments:

1. Water cycle 1 had no acidity 

2 Water cycle bag 1-2-3 both have a small amount of drips in them.
3 Water cycle bag 1&3 have no acidity in them
4 Water cycle 1-2-3- all cycle

Conclusion:

It was fun and learned heaps

Draw a labeled diagram of the Water Cycle

Water cycle words:

1. Precipitation
2. Hurricanes
3. Storms
4. Evaporation
5. Carbon Dioxide
6. Water
7. Oceans
8. Water vapour
9. Freshwater
10. Flooding

SOLO Hexagons Activity

1. Icecap melt 

2. Acidification 

3. Deforestation

4. Water vapour

Icecap melt definition:
A polar ice cap is a region of land at the North or South Pole of a planet that is covered with ice. ... As the polar ice caps melt, sea levels rise and the oceans become less saline.
2 pictures:

Deforestation definition:
Deforestation is the clearing of trees, transforming a forest into clear land. You can see the word forest in deforestation.

Huruman - Solar Energy

Solar Energy

Catching the sun movie

Materials:

1.  4 Cups   
2.  Water
3.  Tin Foil
4.  2 Sheets Of White Paper 
5.  1 Sheet Of Black Paper 
6. Thermometer
7. 1 Large Cup 
8. 1 Heat Lamp 

Steps

1.   Get all your materials 
2.  Filled all 4 cups quarter the way fill
3.  Then get your one sheet of tin foil 2 sheets of white paper and your other sheet of black paper
4.  Put one cup on each of those sheets 
5. Check the temperature of them all before you turn on your heat lamp 
6.   Turn on your lamp or leave them sitting in the sun
7. Check it every 15 minutes 3 times for an hour.

Which surface conducts/attracts the most heat?

Time + temperature	Cup 1 White paper	Cup 2 White paper+ plastic.	Cup 3 Black paper	Cup 4 Tinfoil
0	12	12	12	12
40 minutes	17	21	23	29
15 minutes	20	15	24	29

Findings:

I found that 1 cup stayed the same temperature without the heat lamp.
Conclusion

That it was really easy to do and found that at a lot of water was spilled.

Hurumanu- BioGas

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable Energy film

Biomass

Aim: To compare the amount of gas that is produced from different types of biomass.

Material:

1.   Bottles (x3)
2.   Ballons (x3)
3.   Permanent Marker 
4.   Disposable Gloves
5.   Cup
6.   Fresh horse or cow manure
7.  Mashed Bananas
8.  Funnel
9. Water
10. Vegetable peelings

Steps:

1.   Label all 3 bottles

1. Horse or cow manure

2.Manure and Vegetable peelings

3. Manure and mashed bananas   

       

    2. Place 1c manure

1c manure + 1c vegetable peelings 

1c manure + 1c mashed bananas 

    3. Fill the bottle with water

    4. Place a balloon on the top.

    

   

Investigation.

Research the following Biomass fuels. You will need to:

Write a definition of fuel.

Write 8 sentences about fuel. 

• How is it made? 
• Where is it made? 
• What is it made with? 
• What countries use it? 
• What uses will it have in the future?  

Place 1 image of the fuel.

Biomass Fuel types.

Name Agricultural crops and wood fuels.

Definition: Agricultural crops such as miscanthus and straw from cereal crops can be used as a fuel for production of heat. Herbaceous materials have a different composition from wood and its combustion must be handled differently from the wood.

Research:

• How is it made?  Wood energy is the use of wood fuel to produce heat or electricity. It comes in several numbers of forms, including firewood, shavings, sawdust, wood chips, agricultural crops, and bark.
• Where is it made? Wood biomass is the main source of wood energy in New Zealand and it comes in a number of forms.

Name Animal waste.
Methane Gas

Definition:
methane. A colorless, odorless, flammable gas that is the simplest hydrocarbon. It is the major constituent of natural gas and is released during the decomposition of plant or other organic compounds, as in marshes and coal mines. Methane is the first member of the alkane series.

Research:

How is Methane Made? 
Methane is produced at shallow levels (low pressure) by anaerobic decay of organic matter and reworked methane from deep under the Earth's surface. ... Methane is generally transported in bulk by pipeline in its natural gas form, or LNG carriers in its liquefied form; few countries transport it by truck.

Where is Methane Gas made?
Methane that is produced and released into the atmosphere is taken up by methane sinks, which include soil and the process of methane oxidation in the troposphere (the lowest atmospheric region). Most methane produced naturally is offset by its uptake into natural sinks.

Image:

Name: Biogas

Definition: Biogas is the mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source

Research:
How is it made? Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. ...

Where is biogas made?
It occurs naturally in compost heaps, as swamp gas, and as a result of enteric fermentation in cattle and other ruminants

Name: Biofuels

Definition: A fuel derived immediately from living matter.

Research:
How is Biofuels made?
Biofuels are designed to replace gasoline, diesel fuel and coal, which are called “fossil fuels” because they are made from animals and plants that died millions of years ago. Biofuels are made mostly from plants that have just been harvested. There are three main types of biofuel. Ethanol, biodiesel, and biojet fuel.

Where is Biofuels made?

Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide, particularly in Brazil. Alcohol fuels are produced by fermentation of sugars derived from wheat, corn, sugar beets, sugar cane, molasses and any sugar or starch from which alcoholic beverages such as whiskey, can be made (such as potato and fruit waste, etc.).

Image: